BMD - BKP
Abbildung 1a-c: (a) 63-year-old woman, fracture of the first lumbar vertebra, BMD –2.5. (b) Postoperatively after BKP. (c) Six years postoperatively: resorption of the vertebral body and increase of kyphosis


Keywords: kyphosis,  lumbar vertebra,  mineral research,  Mineralstoffwechsel

Fracture
Abbildung 2a-i: (a) 74-year-old man, fracture of the twelfth thoracic vertebra with osteonecrosis. (b) Closed reduction on the operating table. (c) Postoperatively after BKP. (c) Collapse of vertebra after six weeks. (d) Further resorption and collapse after ten weeks. (e) Second operation with BKP at the eleventh thoracic vertebra. (f) Further collapse and resorption six weeks after the second BKP. (g) Third operation with VP at the first lumbar vertebra, cement leakage dorsally, no neurology. (i) Further collapse and resorption six weeks after the third operation.


Keywords: mineral research,  Mineralstoffwechsel,  thoracic vertebra

FEM - BKP
Abbildung 3: FEM simulation of the fracture and BKP in the mobile segment of L2–L4.


Keywords: BKP,  FEM,  mineral research,  Mineralstoffwechsel,  scheme

Cement stiffness
Abbildung 4: Impact of cement stiffness on the subsequent fracture rate and on local stress. Markedly higher stress in the adjacent vertebrae and greater local stress shielding when using 8 GP. Model BMD –2.5, volume of cement 30 %, compressive stress.


Keywords: cement stiffness,  mineral research,  Mineralstoffwechsel,  scheme

Bone densities
Abbildung 5a-b: Effect of various bone densities on stress shielding. Increased stress shielding ventrally and dorsally around the BKP cement; enhancement of the effect particularly in the dorsal aspect around the cement and reduction of BMD. Model 2-GP cement, volume of cement 15 %, (a) Compressive stress, (b) Compressive strain.


Keywords: Bone density,  Mineralstoffwechsel,  scheme

Kyphosis
Abbildung 6: Effect of residual kyphosis on the local and adjacent vertebra. Significant increase in maximum stresses at a ventral shift of the axis by only 1 cm. Model 8-GP cement, volume of cement 30 %, compressive stress.


Keywords: kyphosis,  mineral research,  Mineralstoffwechsel,  scheme