| Krychtiuk KA et al. |
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Monoklonale Antikörper und Antisense-Oligonukleotide – Biologika als Zukunft in der Kardiologie? // Monoclonal antibodies and antisense technology on the rise – The future of cardiovascular therapy? Journal für Kardiologie - Austrian Journal of Cardiology 2017; 24 (11-12): 261-271 Volltext (PDF) Summary Keywords: Antikörper, Antisense-Therapie, Fettstoffwechsel, Immuntherapie, inflammation, antibodies, antisense therapy, immunotherapy, inflammation, lipid metabolism Biologicals are a new class of drugs that are produced using biotechnological methods and that have specific molecular biological targets. For a long time, the use of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents was primarily a domain of hematology, oncology, as well as diseases within the rheumatic and autoimmune sphere. This seems to be changing this decade, as biologicals are on the rise within cardiology and ready for prime-time. Besides the antiplatelet agent Abciximab that has been successfully used for more than two decades, two novel fields have been discovered as promising for antibody therapy. Representing one of the hottest topics in cardiovascular medicine today, PCSK9-inhibition which has just been released to the European market, results in LDL-reduction of about 50% independent from baseline values and standard of care therapy. Big outcome studies including more than 60,000 patients are currently on the way to examine whether this will result in improved outcomes. A second promising field is interference with the immune system in both patients with stable atherosclerotic disease as well as patients suffering from an ACS. Both Inhibition of IL-1 and IL-6 represent promising targets, with IL-1 Inhibition currently tested in a major randomized controlled outcome trial. Another substance class on the rise in cardiovascular medicine are so-called anti-sense oligonucleotides, single strands of DNA or RNA binding complementary to a chosen mRNA sequence, thereby preventing protein translation. Besides a fascinating novel anti-coagulatory approach by inhibiting coagulation factor XI production, the biggest focus of this novel therapeutic approach lies on lipidology. Within this review we will highlight the current evidence on antisense therapy against apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A as well as apolipoprotein CIII, that are in very different stages of development, however, with some exciting early data.
Kurzfassung: Biologika begründen eine neue
Medikamentenklasse, werden biotechnologisch
hergestellt und greifen gezielt in molekularbiologische
Mechanismen ein. Lange Zeit eine Domäne
der Hämatologie, Onkologie sowie der Rheumatologie,
treten monoklonale Antikörper als
Therapeutika nun auch langsam in der Kardiologie
ihren Siegeszug an. Neben dem schon seit
mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten erfolgreich eingesetzten
Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer Abciximab
wurden rezent zwei weitere Felder in der
kardiovaskulären Medizin als vielversprechende
Einsatzgebiete für monoklonale Antikörper entdeckt.
Die sogenannten PCSK9-Inhibitoren zeigen
in den ersten Phase-II- und -III-Studien äußerst
potente Effekte im Sinne einer LDL-Cholesterinsenkung
um rund 50 % unabhängig von der Basistherapie,
große Outcomestudien befinden sich
derzeit in der Rekrutierungsphase. Ein weiteres
Einsatzgebiet könnten monoklonale Antikörper
als anti-inflammatorische Agenzien z. B. durch
Hemmung von Interleukin-1 und Interleukin-6 bei
Patienten sowohl mit stabiler atherosklerotischer
Erkrankung als auch im ACS-Setting darstellen. |
