Bartova L et al. |
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Therapieoptionen bei Angsterkrankungen unter Berücksichtigung der Phyto-Psychopharmakotherapie // Treatment Strategies of Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Phyto-Psychopharmacotherapy Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie 2022; 23 (3): 124-130 Volltext (PDF) Summary Keywords: Angst, Angststörung, Antidepressivum, Anxiolytikum, Neurotransmitter, Phyto-Psychopharmakotherapie, Silexan, antidepressant, anxiety, anxiety disorder, anxiolytic, phyto-psychopharmacotherapy Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric illnesses. In accordance with international treatment guidelines, psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are considered the main pillars of their treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy represents the most investigated and very effective psychotherapeutic technique, which should, hence, be preferentially employed. However, meta-analytic evidence showed that psychotherapy in general is inferior to psychopharmacotherapy in terms of anxiolytic effectiveness and should, therefore, be applied exclusively in combination with psychopharmacotherapy, when anxiety symptoms are moderate to severe. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, which were repeatedly confirmed to be very effective and well tolerated, can currently be regarded as the therapy of first choice for mild as well as moderate to severe symptoms in the course of anxiety disorders including social phobia, panicand generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Depending on the individual symptom severity and anxiety disorder subtype, both substance classes can be augmented with further effective compounds, such as pregabalin in case of GAD. The immediate tranquilizing effects of benzodiazepines (BZDs) are frequently appreciated in the initial phase of treatment, until the anxiolytic effects of the firstline antidepressants have been fully unfolded. Due to their potential to cause dependency, they should be administered conservatively and only temporarily. In milder forms, the so-called subsyndromal/subthreshold anxiety disorders, phyto-psychopharmacotherapeutic compounds can be successfully employed. Hereby, the lavender oil preparation Silexan showed very good effectiveness and tolerability in around 15 studies in more than 2,200 adult patients including those over the age of 65. In addition to the anxiolytic effect, Silexan improved sleep, mood, as well as restlessness and tension in subthreshold anxiety and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. Due to its efficacy that was reported to be superior to placebo, and in GAD comparable with the BZD lorazepam and the SSRI paroxetine, as well as tolerability, which was comparable with placebo and superior to paroxetine and lorazepam, EMA/HMPC (European Medicines Agency/Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products) approved Silexan for the treatment of temporary anxiety symptoms for patients from the age of 18. Silexan can also be administered in the course of a long-term therapy.
Kurzfassung: Angststörungen sind die häufigsten
psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Im Einklang mit
internationalen Therapieleitlinien sind Psychopharmakotherapie
und Psychotherapie die Hauptpfeiler
deren Behandlung. Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie
stellt derzeit die am meisten untersuchte und sehr
effektive Psychotherapiemethode dar, die daher
auch bevorzugt zum Einsatz kommen sollte. Hinsichtlich
der anxiolytischen Effektivität konnten
Meta-Analysen jedoch wiederholt zeigen, dass
Psychotherapien generell der Psychopharmakotherapie
unterlegen sind und daher bei moderaten und
schweren Symptomausprägungen ausschließlich in
Kombination mit Psychopharmakotherapie angewendet
werden sollten. Die neueren Antidepressiva,
selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI)
und selektive Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer,
die sich wiederholt als hochwirksam
und gut verträglich erwiesen, können derzeit als die
Therapie der ersten Wahl bezeichnet werden. Beide
Substanzklassen können sowohl bei leicht als auch
moderat bis schwer ausgeprägter Angstsymptomatik
im Rahmen der Panikstörung, der sozialen Phobie
und der generalisierten Angststörung (GAS) erfolgreich
eingesetzt werden. |