Brinkers M et al. | ||||
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Depressionen bei somatischen Krankheiten am Beispiel der ischämischen Herzkrankheit und ausgewählter Tumorerkrankungen mit beträchtlicher Relevanz für Morbidität und Letalität // Depression in somatic diseases Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie 2022; 23 (4): 172-184 Volltext (PDF) Summary Praxisrelevanz Abbildungen
Keywords: Depression, Genetik, Pathophysiologie, Psychiatrie, somatisches Symptom, Stressreaktion, genetics, pathophysiology, somatic symptom, stress response Background: Depression is a common comorbidity in both heart disease and cancer. Objective: To present the problem of comorbid depression in cardiac and cancer patients based on our own clinical experience from patient care and selected references from the topic-related literature, with reference to early diagnosis because of its immense importance for outcome. Method: Narrative compact brief review. In the case of myocardial infarction in comorbidity with depression, the pathophysiology, the negative influence of depression, and the somatic symptomatology as well as the resulting problems of diagnosis will be pointed out. Furthermore, it will be shown that this knowledge is also transferable to the management of cancer diseases and, therefore, these two disease areas (heart, cancer lesion) require more intensive attention for an adequate clinical-inpatient case management and, in addition, there is a need for further research. Results: Triggered by increased stress response – not adequate to the situation – and the associated overload of the stress systems themselves with massive catecholamine release up to depletion of the noradrenaline-producing cells, it comes to the thus missing protection of the brain from the simultaneous cortisol release. The result is cell destruction on a considerable scale, especially in the limbic system. These failures ultimately lead to the depressive symptomatology, which thus forms the final stage of the overload of the stress systems. The destruction of the stress systems is flanked by the release of proinflammatory substances such as IL-2 and IL-6 (in depression, cancer and myocardial infarction). In addition, certain gene variants increase the vulnerability to depression (SLC6A4, in cancer patients) and myocardial infarction (STMN-1). Discussion: The pathway from massive stress to depressive symptomatology is manifold and is to be considered separately depending on the clinical speciality. By demonstrating the comorbidity of myocardial infarction and various cancer types with depression, the depression’s importance is also introduced into somatic medicine. This is reinforced by the fact that somatic (painful and nonpainful) symptoms can also indicate depression. Thus, depression is not a disorder to be not concerned about because it belongs to a non-somatic speciality. In many areas of medicine, somatic physicians encounter patients with cardiac and/or cancer diseases, in whom a depression requiring treatment is present, which contributes to the patient‘s prognosis and which must be treated or at least diagnosed by them. It is important to ask about suicidality in depression. But it plays only a minor role in the increased mortality from myocardial infarction and cancer caused by depression. More important are the proinflammatory, pathophysiological and genetic processes. Conclusion: The two examples of myocardial infarction as well as selected cancer diseases prove: In case of any somatic symptom, but mainly pain as well as breathing difficulties and cardiac palpitations, not only organic causes but also depression as a cause should be considered. Accordingly, these symptoms should be treated with antidepressants to reduce lethality and further negative consequences of non-treatment.
Kurzfassung: Hintergrund: Depressionen stellen eine häufige Komorbidität sowohl bei Herzkrankheiten als auch bei Tumorerkrankungen dar. Ziel:
Darstellung der Problematik einer komorbiden Depression bei Herz- und Tumorpatienten anhand eigener klinischer Erfahrungen aus der Patientenversorgung und ausgewählten Referenzen der themenbezogenen
Literatur mit Verweis auf eine frühe Diagnosestellung wegen der immensen Bedeutung für das Outcome. |