| Leibetseder A et al. | ||||
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Klassifikation und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von Gliomen - Was gibt es Neues? // Classification and Treatment Recommendations of Gliomas Journal für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie 2017; 18 (3): 84-93 Volltext (PDF) Summary Praxisrelevanz Abbildungen Keywords: 1p19q-Ko-Deletion, Hirntumor, IDH-Mutation, MGMT-Promotor-Methylierung, Neurologie, Therapiestratifizierung, WHO-Klassifikation, brain tumor, MGMT Promotor Methylation, treatment stratification The updated WHO classification of brain tumours from 2016 reflects a paradigm shift, replacing traditional histology-based glioma diagnostics with an integrated histological and molecular classification system. In addition to neuropathological characteristics, including morphology (e.g. astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma) und WHO Grading (I–IV), integrated molecular biomarkers allow a more precise characterization and differentiation of tumor entities (diagnostic biomarker), a better prediction of survival time and outcome (prognostic biomarker) and/or response to treatment (predictive biomarker). The most important molecular biomarkers are the detection of an IDH mutation and 1p19q Codeletion as well as the determination of the MGMT-promotor methylation status. If molecular testing cannot be performed, the tumour is classified as “NOS” (“not otherwise specified”). In general, gliomas WHO II–IV with IDH mutation (IDH-mut) have a significantly longer prognosis and longer survival time compared to gliomas WHO II–IV without IDH mutation (IDH wildtype, IDH-wt). It has also to be considered, that “lower graded” astrocytomas WHO II–III without IDH mutation (IDH-wt) show biological properties similar to glioblastomas WHO IV IDH-wt. Due to the detection of 1p19q codeletion oligodendrogliomas (IDH-mut, 1p19q codeletion) can now clearly distinguished from astrocytomas (IDH-wt/mut, no 1p19q codeletion). Furthermore, oligodendrogliomas have a better prognosis than astrocytomas and a better response to treatment with postoperative radiotherapy/PCV chemotherapy. The consideration of molecular biomarkers – in addition to age (< 65 years vs. 65–70 years vs. > 70 years, taking into account the biological age) and clinical performance status (Karnofsky Index ≥ 60 %) - has obtained high importance in individual therapy recommendations, but also for the design and interpretation of clinical studies.
Kurzfassung: In der aktualisierten WHO-Klassifikation der Hirntumore von 2016 werden – zusätzlich zu den neuropathologischen Kriterien mit
Morphologie (z. B. Astrozytom, Oligodendro gliom,
Glioblastom) und WHO Grad (I–IV) – erstmals molekulare
Biomarker berücksichtigt. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel
ermöglicht eine präzisere Charakterisierung
und Differenzierung von Tumorentitäten
(diagnostischer Biomarker), eine bessere Vorhersage
der individuellen Prognose bzw. Überlebenszeit
(prognostischer Biomarker) und/oder eine genauere
Abschätzung des Ansprechens auf eine bestimmte Therapie (prädiktiver Biomarker). |
